Vaginismus

Vaginismus is a condition featured by the tightening or contraction of the muscles adjacent to the vagina which leads to the development of spasm. It may be characterised by the presence of pain in few cases. This is a condition which is actually the physical expression of a psychological problem and is seen mostly in women aged between late teenage to thirties.

The vaginal muscles usually undergo spasm, often as response stimuli to touch in sexual activities. It can even occur by a gynaecological examination or during an intercourse. This condition may prevent some women in using the tampons during periods.

The condition can result in distress and problems within the family. The condition can at times completely inhibit sexual activities and even vaginal or pelvic examinations will be very difficult to be done and may require the patient to be anaesthetised before performing the examination.

This is experienced by people who have previously liked sexual pleasure also.

Symptoms

The major symptoms which characterise the presence of Vaginismus in a woman are:

• Involuntary vaginal muscle spasm
• A fear that she will have pain
• Experiencing or real pain
• Fear with respect to penetration
• The woman will experience a reduced sexual desire if penetration occurs as well as
• Experiencing pain while penetration is done using finger, tampon or even penis.

Causes

The exact cause and mechanism is still not known. A physical factor like a wound, vaginal inflammation can trigger this condition. Continuing vaginal aridness or irritation often caused by spermicides or latex condoms also may result in this condition.

Persistent fear or dislike for the sexual intercourse called dyspareunia may also be the trigger for Vaginismus. The side effects of using alcohol, drugs and medication are also thought to be a trigger. Irrational fear of vagina being small or even sexual experience at a very early age may also result in this condition. An unpleasant sexual experience may make the body respond in opposition to any such activity.

In some cases a rape or sexual abuse might be the basic cause. Misconceptions or blind beliefs also may be the cause for this condition. Religious or cultural values or irrational fear of getting pregnant also can result in this condition.
In very few cases, an infection of the vagina, the consequences of childbirth, weakness and desperateness also results in this condition.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis depends on the general medical as well as family history of the patient followed by a detailed physical examination.

Any physical cause can be medically managed but when the condition is due to a psychological factor, counseling involving the spouse is advisable.

Treatment

The treatment of this condition is influenced by the trigger for the condition. Treating the basic cause is the first step in providing treatment for this particular condition.

If the Vaginismus is due a physical injury, then medication must be provided to cure the injury.

If psychological factors are involved, then use of cognitive behavioural therapy is advised. The patient is also taught the various methods of how to control the pelvic muscles. The muscle relaxation techniques will definitely help the recovery.